Power Generation Equipment

Documentation for power generation equipment in NeqSim, including gas turbines, steam turbines, HRSG, combined-cycle systems, fuel cells, wind turbines, and solar panels.

Overview
Gas Turbine
Steam Turbine
HRSG
Combined Cycle System
Fuel Cell
Wind Turbine
Solar Panel
Battery Storage
Usage Examples
Related Documentation

Overview

Location: neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration

The power generation package provides equipment models for converting chemical and renewable energy sources into electrical power:

Equipment	Energy Source	Output
`GasTurbine`	Fuel gas combustion	Electricity + heat
`SteamTurbine`	High-pressure steam	Electricity
`HRSG`	Gas turbine exhaust	Steam
`CombinedCycleSystem`	Fuel gas (GT + HRSG + ST)	Electricity (high efficiency)
`FuelCell`	Hydrogen + oxygen	Electricity + water
`WindTurbine`	Wind	Electricity
`SolarPanel`	Solar radiation	Electricity
`BatteryStorage`	Stored electricity	Electricity

Gas Turbine

The GasTurbine class models a simple cycle gas turbine with integrated air compression, combustion, and expansion.

Class Hierarchy

TwoPortEquipment
└── GasTurbine

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.GasTurbine;
import neqsim.process.equipment.stream.Stream;

// Basic constructor
GasTurbine turbine = new GasTurbine("GT-101");

// Constructor with fuel stream
GasTurbine turbine = new GasTurbine("GT-101", fuelGasStream);

Key Properties

Property	Description	Unit
`combustionPressure`	Combustor pressure	bara
`airGasRatio`	Air to fuel ratio	-
`power`	Net electrical power output	W
`heat`	Heat output	W
`compressorPower`	Air compressor power	W
`expanderPower`	Expander power	W

Example Usage

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.GasTurbine;
import neqsim.process.equipment.stream.Stream;
import neqsim.thermo.system.SystemSrkEos;

// Create fuel gas
SystemInterface fuelGas = new SystemSrkEos(288.15, 25.0);
fuelGas.addComponent("methane", 0.90);
fuelGas.addComponent("ethane", 0.05);
fuelGas.addComponent("propane", 0.03);
fuelGas.addComponent("nitrogen", 0.02);
fuelGas.setMixingRule("classic");

Stream fuelStream = new Stream("Fuel Gas", fuelGas);
fuelStream.setFlowRate(1000.0, "kg/hr");

// Create gas turbine
GasTurbine turbine = new GasTurbine("Power Turbine", fuelStream);
turbine.combustionpressure = 15.0;  // bara (public field)

// Run simulation
turbine.run();

// Results
System.out.println("Net power: " + turbine.getPower() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("Heat output: " + turbine.getHeat() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("Ideal air/fuel ratio: " + turbine.calcIdealAirFuelRatio());

Steam Turbine

The SteamTurbine class models isentropic expansion of high-pressure steam to produce power. Outlet conditions are computed via PS-flash (isentropic) followed by PH-flash (actual) using the specified isentropic efficiency.

Class Hierarchy

TwoPortEquipment
└── SteamTurbine

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.SteamTurbine;

// Basic constructor
SteamTurbine st = new SteamTurbine("ST-100");

// Constructor with inlet steam stream
SteamTurbine st = new SteamTurbine("ST-100", steamStream);

Key Properties

Property	Setter	Default	Unit
`outletPressure`	`setOutletPressure(p)` / `setOutletPressure(p, "bara")`	1.01325	bara
`isentropicEfficiency`	`setIsentropicEfficiency(e)`	0.85	0-1
`numberOfStages`	`setNumberOfStages(n)`	1	-
`power`	(result)	-	W

Example Usage

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.SteamTurbine;
import neqsim.process.equipment.stream.Stream;
import neqsim.thermo.system.SystemSrkEos;

// Create superheated steam
SystemInterface steam = new SystemSrkEos(273.15 + 450.0, 40.0);
steam.addComponent("water", 1.0);
steam.setMixingRule("classic");

Stream steamFeed = new Stream("HP Steam", steam);
steamFeed.setFlowRate(50000.0, "kg/hr");

// Create steam turbine
SteamTurbine turbine = new SteamTurbine("ST-100", steamFeed);
turbine.setOutletPressure(0.05, "bara");
turbine.setIsentropicEfficiency(0.88);
turbine.run();

System.out.println("Power output: " + turbine.getPower("MW") + " MW");

HRSG

The HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) class models counter-current heat exchange between hot gas turbine exhaust and a water/steam loop. It calculates the heat transferred and the steam production rate for given steam conditions.

Class Hierarchy

TwoPortEquipment
└── HRSG

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.HRSG;

// Basic constructor
HRSG hrsg = new HRSG("HRSG-1");

// Constructor with hot gas inlet (gas turbine exhaust)
HRSG hrsg = new HRSG("HRSG-1", gasTurbineExhaust);

Key Properties

Property	Setter	Default	Unit
`steamPressure`	`setSteamPressure(p)`	40.0	bara
`steamTemperature`	`setSteamTemperature(t)` / `setSteamTemperature(t, "C")`	400 C	K
`feedWaterTemperature`	`setFeedWaterTemperature(t)` / `setFeedWaterTemperature(t, "C")`	60 C	K
`approachTemperature`	`setApproachTemperature(dT)`	15.0	K
`effectiveness`	`setEffectiveness(e)`	0.85	0-1

Results

Method	Returns	Unit
`getHeatTransferred()` / `getHeatTransferred("MW")`	Heat to steam	W / MW
`getSteamFlowRate()` / `getSteamFlowRate("kg/hr")`	Steam production	kg/s / kg/hr
`getGasOutletTemperature()`	Gas stack temperature	K

Example Usage

HRSG hrsg = new HRSG("HRSG-1", turbine.getOutletStream());
hrsg.setSteamPressure(40.0);
hrsg.setSteamTemperature(400.0, "C");
hrsg.setApproachTemperature(15.0);
hrsg.run();

System.out.println("Heat recovered: " + hrsg.getHeatTransferred("MW") + " MW");
System.out.println("Steam production: " + hrsg.getSteamFlowRate("kg/hr") + " kg/hr");

Combined Cycle System

The CombinedCycleSystem class integrates a GasTurbine, HRSG, and SteamTurbine into a single equipment unit. It models the full gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) workflow:

Fuel gas combustion in the gas turbine
Exhaust heat recovery in the HRSG to produce steam
Steam expansion through the steam turbine

Class Hierarchy

TwoPortEquipment
└── CombinedCycleSystem  (composes GasTurbine + HRSG + SteamTurbine)

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.CombinedCycleSystem;

CombinedCycleSystem cc = new CombinedCycleSystem("CC-Plant");
CombinedCycleSystem cc = new CombinedCycleSystem("CC-Plant", fuelGasStream);

Key Properties

Property	Setter	Default	Unit
`combustionPressure`	`combustionpressure` (public field)	2.5	bara
`steamPressure`	`setSteamPressure(p)`	40.0	bara
`steamTemperature`	`setSteamTemperature(t, "C")`	400.0	C
`steamTurbineEfficiency`	`setSteamTurbineEfficiency(e)`	0.85	0-1
`steamCondensorPressure`	`setSteamCondensorPressure(p)`	0.05	bara
`hrsgApproachTemperature`	`setHrsgApproachTemperature(dT)`	15.0	K
`hrsgEffectiveness`	`setHrsgEffectiveness(e)`	0.85	0-1

Results

Method	Returns	Unit
`getTotalPower()` / `getTotalPower("MW")`	Combined GT + ST power	W / MW
`getGasTurbinePower()`	GT contribution	W
`getSteamTurbinePower()`	ST contribution	W
`getOverallEfficiency()`	LHV thermal efficiency	0-1
`getFuelEnergyInput()`	Fuel energy (LHV)	W
`toJson()`	Full results JSON	String

Example Usage

CombinedCycleSystem cc = new CombinedCycleSystem("CC-1", fuelStream);
cc.setCombustionPressure(15.0);
cc.setSteamPressure(40.0);
cc.setSteamTemperature(400.0, "C");
cc.setSteamTurbineEfficiency(0.85);
cc.run();

System.out.println("Total power: " + cc.getTotalPower("MW") + " MW");
System.out.println("GT power: " + cc.getGasTurbinePower() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("ST power: " + cc.getSteamTurbinePower() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("Efficiency: " + cc.getOverallEfficiency() * 100 + "%");
System.out.println(cc.toJson());

Fuel Cell

Class Hierarchy

TwoPortEquipment
└── FuelCell

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.FuelCell;

// Basic constructor
FuelCell cell = new FuelCell("FC-101");

// Constructor with fuel and oxidant streams
FuelCell cell = new FuelCell("FC-101", hydrogenStream, airStream);

Key Properties

Property	Description	Unit
`efficiency`	Electrical efficiency	0-1
`power`	Electrical power output	W
`heatLoss`	Heat loss to environment	W

Example Usage

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.FuelCell;
import neqsim.process.equipment.stream.Stream;
import neqsim.thermo.system.SystemSrkEos;

// Create hydrogen fuel stream
SystemInterface h2Fluid = new SystemSrkEos(298.15, 5.0);
h2Fluid.addComponent("hydrogen", 1.0);
h2Fluid.setMixingRule("classic");

Stream hydrogenFeed = new Stream("Hydrogen", h2Fluid);
hydrogenFeed.setFlowRate(10.0, "kg/hr");

// Create air stream
SystemInterface airFluid = new SystemSrkEos(298.15, 1.01325);
airFluid.addComponent("nitrogen", 0.79);
airFluid.addComponent("oxygen", 0.21);
airFluid.setMixingRule("classic");

Stream airFeed = new Stream("Air", airFluid);
airFeed.setFlowRate(100.0, "kg/hr");

// Create fuel cell
FuelCell fuelCell = new FuelCell("SOFC", hydrogenFeed, airFeed);
fuelCell.setEfficiency(0.55);

// Run simulation
fuelCell.run();

// Results
System.out.println("Electrical power: " + fuelCell.getPower() / 1000 + " kW");
System.out.println("Heat loss: " + fuelCell.getHeatLoss() / 1000 + " kW");

Wind Turbine

The WindTurbine class models wind power generation based on wind speed and turbine characteristics.

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.WindTurbine;

WindTurbine turbine = new WindTurbine("WT-01");
turbine.setWindSpeed(12.0);          // m/s
turbine.setRotorArea(11310.0);       // m² (e.g. pi * 60² for 120m diameter)
turbine.setPowerCoefficient(0.45);   // Betz limit max ~0.593

Key Properties

Property	Description	Unit
`windSpeed`	Wind velocity	m/s
`rotorArea`	Rotor swept area	m²
`powerCoefficient`	Aerodynamic efficiency (Cp)	0-0.593 (Betz limit)
`airDensity`	Air density	kg/m³
`power`	Electrical power output	W

Solar Panel

The SolarPanel class models photovoltaic power generation.

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.SolarPanel;

SolarPanel panel = new SolarPanel("PV-Array");
panel.setPanelArea(1000.0);        // m²
panel.setIrradiance(800.0);        // W/m²
panel.setEfficiency(0.20);

Key Properties

Property	Description	Unit
`panelArea`	Total panel area	m²
`irradiance`	Solar radiation	W/m²
`efficiency`	Panel efficiency	0-1
`power`	Electrical power output	W

Battery Storage

Location: neqsim.process.equipment.battery

The BatteryStorage class models electrical energy storage systems.

Constructor

import neqsim.process.equipment.battery.BatteryStorage;

BatteryStorage battery = new BatteryStorage("BESS-01");
battery.setCapacity(3.6e11);         // Joules (= 100 MWh)
// Note: charge/discharge efficiencies are internal (default 0.95 each)

Key Properties

Property	Description	Unit
`capacity`	Total energy capacity	J
`stateOfCharge`	Current energy level	J
`stateOfChargeFraction`	SOC as fraction	0-1

Operations

battery.charge(25e6, 2.0);         // charge at 25 MW for 2 hours
double delivered = battery.discharge(25e6, 1.0);  // discharge at 25 MW for 1 hour
double soc = battery.getStateOfChargeFraction();   // 0-1

Usage Examples

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System

import neqsim.process.processmodel.ProcessSystem;
import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.GasTurbine;
import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.HRSG;

ProcessSystem chpSystem = new ProcessSystem("CHP Plant");

// Create fuel gas stream
Stream fuelGas = new Stream("Fuel", fuelFluid);
fuelGas.setFlowRate(500.0, "kg/hr");
chpSystem.add(fuelGas);

// Gas turbine
GasTurbine turbine = new GasTurbine("GT", fuelGas);
turbine.combustionpressure = 12.0;
chpSystem.add(turbine);

// Heat recovery steam generator
HRSG hrsg = new HRSG("HRSG", turbine.getOutletStream());
hrsg.setSteamPressure(20.0);
hrsg.setSteamTemperature(250.0, "C");
hrsg.setApproachTemperature(15.0);
chpSystem.add(hrsg);

// Run
chpSystem.run();

// Calculate efficiency
double electricalPower = turbine.getPower();
double thermalPower = hrsg.getHeatTransferred();
double fuelInput = fuelGas.getFlowRate("kg/hr") * 50e6 / 3600;  // LHV ~ 50 MJ/kg

double electricalEff = electricalPower / fuelInput;
double totalEff = (electricalPower + thermalPower) / fuelInput;

System.out.println("Electrical efficiency: " + electricalEff * 100 + "%");
System.out.println("Total CHP efficiency: " + totalEff * 100 + "%");
System.out.println("Steam production: " + hrsg.getSteamFlowRate("kg/hr") + " kg/hr");

Combined Cycle Power Plant

import neqsim.process.equipment.powergeneration.CombinedCycleSystem;

// One-call combined cycle with internal GT + HRSG + ST
CombinedCycleSystem ccPlant = new CombinedCycleSystem("GTCC", fuelGasStream);
ccPlant.setCombustionPressure(15.0);
ccPlant.setSteamPressure(40.0);
ccPlant.setSteamTemperature(400.0, "C");
ccPlant.setSteamTurbineEfficiency(0.85);
ccPlant.run();

System.out.println("Total power: " + ccPlant.getTotalPower("MW") + " MW");
System.out.println("GT power: " + ccPlant.getGasTurbinePower() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("ST power: " + ccPlant.getSteamTurbinePower() / 1e6 + " MW");
System.out.println("Overall efficiency: " + ccPlant.getOverallEfficiency() * 100 + "%");

Hybrid Renewable System

// Solar + Wind + Battery system
SolarPanel solar = new SolarPanel("PV");
solar.setPanelArea(5000.0);
solar.setIrradiance(600.0);
solar.setEfficiency(0.18);

WindTurbine wind = new WindTurbine("Wind");
wind.setWindSpeed(8.0);
wind.setRotorArea(5027.0);  // ~80m diameter

BatteryStorage battery = new BatteryStorage("Battery");
battery.setCapacity(3.6e10);  // 10 MWh in Joules

// Calculate total renewable generation
solar.run();
wind.run();

double totalGeneration = solar.getPower() + wind.getPower();
System.out.println("Total renewable power: " + totalGeneration / 1e6 + " MW");

Heat Integration (Pinch Analysis) - Minimum utility targeting
Electrolyzers - Hydrogen production
Compressors - Gas compression
Heat Exchangers - Heat recovery
Sustainability - Emissions tracking

Power Generation Equipment

Table of Contents

Overview

Gas Turbine

Class Hierarchy

Constructor

Key Properties

Example Usage

Steam Turbine

Class Hierarchy

Constructor

Key Properties

Example Usage

HRSG

Class Hierarchy

Constructor

Key Properties

Results

Example Usage

Combined Cycle System

Class Hierarchy

Constructor

Key Properties

Results

Example Usage

Fuel Cell

Class Hierarchy

Constructor

Key Properties

Example Usage

Wind Turbine

Constructor

Key Properties

Solar Panel

Constructor

Key Properties

Battery Storage

Constructor

Key Properties

Operations

Usage Examples

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System

Combined Cycle Power Plant

Hybrid Renewable System

Related Documentation