neqsim.process.equipment.pipeline.Pipeline

All Implemented Interfaces:: Serializable, Runnable, CapacityConstrainedEquipment, PipeLineInterface, ProcessEquipmentInterface, TwoPortInterface, SimulationInterface, NamedInterface

Direct Known Subclasses:: AdiabaticPipe, AdiabaticTwoPhasePipe, MultiphasePipe, OnePhasePipeLine, PipeBeggsAndBrills, SimpleTPoutPipeline, TubingPerformance, TwoFluidPipe, TwoPhasePipeLine, WaterHammerPipe

public class Pipeline extends TwoPortEquipment implements PipeLineInterface, CapacityConstrainedEquipment

Base class for pipeline simulation models.

This class provides the foundation for all pipeline models in NeqSim. It implements the PipeLineInterface with default implementations that can be overridden by specialized subclasses.

Subclasses

AdiabaticPipe - Single-phase adiabatic pipe
AdiabaticTwoPhasePipe - Two-phase adiabatic pipe
PipeBeggsAndBrills - Beggs and Brill multiphase correlation
OnePhasePipeLine - One-phase flow with compositional tracking
TwoPhasePipeLine - Two-phase flow model
TwoFluidPipe - Two-fluid transient model
WaterHammerPipe - Water hammer transient model
TubingPerformance - Wellbore vertical lift performance

Version:

2.0

Author:

Even Solbraa

See Also:

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type

Field

Description

protected boolean

adiabatic

Flag for adiabatic operation.

protected double

ambientTemperature

Ambient temperature in Kelvin.

protected double

angle

Pipe angle from horizontal in degrees.

protected double

burialDepth

Burial depth in meters.

protected boolean

buried

Flag for buried pipe.

private final Map<String, CapacityConstraint>

capacityConstraints

Storage for capacity constraints.

protected double

coatingConductivity

Coating thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).

protected double

coatingThickness

Coating thickness in meters.

protected double

corrosionAllowance

Corrosion allowance in meters.

protected String

designCode

Design code (e.g., ASME_B31_8).

protected double

designPressure

Design pressure in MPa.

protected double

designTemperature

Design temperature in Celsius.

protected double

diameter

Pipe inner diameter in meters.

protected double

elevation

Elevation change from inlet to outlet in meters.

(package private) boolean

equilibriumHeatTransfer

(package private) boolean

equilibriumMassTransfer

protected String

fileName

protected Fittings

fittings

Collection of pipe fittings for equivalent length calculations.

(package private) String

flowPattern

protected String

flowRegime

Flow regime string.

protected double

frictionFactor

Friction factor.

protected double

heatTransferCoefficient

Overall heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).

protected double

inletElevation

Inlet elevation above reference in meters.

protected double

innerHeatTransferCoefficient

Inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).

protected double

insulationConductivity

Insulation thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).

protected double

insulationThickness

Insulation thickness in meters.

protected String

insulationType

Insulation type/material.

(package private) double[]

legHeights

(package private) double[]

legPositions

protected double

length

Total pipe length in meters.

protected double

liquidHoldup

Liquid holdup fraction.

protected double[]

liquidHoldupProfile

Liquid holdup profile along pipe.

protected int

locationClass

Location class per ASME B31.8.

(package private) static org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger

logger

Logger object for class.

protected String

materialGrade

Material grade per API 5L.

protected PipeMechanicalDesignCalculator

mechanicalDesignCalculator

Mechanical design calculator.

protected int

numberOfIncrements

Number of computational increments.

(package private) int

numberOfLegs

(package private) int

numberOfNodesInLeg

protected double

outerHeatTransferCoefficient

Outer (external) heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).

(package private) double[]

outerHeatTransferCoeffs

(package private) double[]

outerTemperature

protected double

outletElevation

Outlet elevation above reference in meters.

protected FlowSystemInterface

pipe

(package private) double[]

pipeDiameters

(package private) PipelineMechanicalDesign

pipelineMechanicalDesign

protected String

pipeMaterial

Pipe material.

protected String

pipeSchedule

Pipe schedule.

protected double

pipeWallConductivity

Pipe wall thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).

(package private) double[]

pipeWallRoughness

protected double

pressureDrop

Calculated pressure drop in bar.

protected double[]

pressureProfile

Pressure profile along pipe.

protected double

reynoldsNumber

Reynolds number.

protected double

roughness

Pipe wall roughness in meters.

private static final long

serialVersionUID

Serialization version UID.

protected double

soilConductivity

Soil thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).

protected double

surfaceTemperature

Constant surface temperature in Kelvin.

protected SystemInterface

system

protected double[]

temperatureProfile

Temperature profile along pipe.

(package private) double[]

times

protected boolean

useFittings

Flag to enable/disable fittings in pressure drop calculations.

protected double

velocity

Flow velocity in m/s.

(package private) double[]

wallHeatTransferCoeffs

protected double

wallThickness

Pipe wall thickness in meters.

Fields inherited from class TwoPortEquipment
inStream, outStream

Fields inherited from class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
conditionAnalysisMessage, energyStream, hasController, isSolved, properties, report

Fields inherited from class SimulationBaseClass
calcIdentifier, calculateSteadyState, time

Fields inherited from class NamedBaseClass
name
Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor

Description

Pipeline(String name)

Constructor for Pipeline.

Pipeline(String name, StreamInterface inStream)

Constructor for Pipeline with inlet stream.
Method Summary

Modifier and Type

Method

Description

void

addCapacityConstraint(CapacityConstraint constraint)

Adds a new capacity constraint to this equipment.

void

addFitting(String name, double LdivD)

Add a fitting with a specified L/D ratio.

void

addFittingFromDatabase(String name)

Add a fitting by name, loading L/D from database.

void

addFittings(String name, double LdivD, int count)

Add multiple identical fittings with specified L/D ratio.

boolean

addStandardFitting(String type)

Add a standard fitting type with predefined L/D value.

boolean

addStandardFittings(String type, int count)

Add multiple standard fittings of the same type.

double

calculateHoopStress()

Calculate hoop stress at operating pressure.

double

calculateMAOP()

Calculate Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP).

double

calculateMinimumWallThickness()

Calculate minimum required wall thickness based on design code.

double

calculateOverallHeatTransferCoefficient()

Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on pipe buildup.

double

calculateTestPressure()

Calculate hydrostatic test pressure.

double

calculateVonMisesStress(double deltaT)

Calculate von Mises equivalent stress.

void

clearCapacityConstraints()

Clears all capacity constraints from this equipment.

void

clearFittings()

Clear all fittings from the pipe.

void

displayResult()

displayResult.

String

generateMechanicalDesignReport()

Generate a mechanical design report.

double

getAmbientTemperature()

Get the ambient temperature.

double

getAngle()

Get the angle of the pipe from horizontal.

CapacityConstraint

getBottleneckConstraint()

Gets the constraint with the highest utilization (the bottleneck).

double

getBurialDepth()

Get the burial depth.

Map<String, CapacityConstraint>

getCapacityConstraints()

Gets all capacity constraints defined for this equipment.

double

getCapacityDuty()

getCapacityDuty.

double

getCapacityMax()

getCapacityMax.

double

getCoatingConductivity()

Get the coating thermal conductivity.

double

getCoatingThickness()

Get the coating thickness.

double

getCorrosionAllowance()

Get the corrosion allowance.

String

getDesignCode()

Get the design code.

double

getDesignPressure()

Get design pressure.

double

getDesignTemperature()

Get maximum design temperature.

double

getDiameter()

Get the pipe inner diameter.

double

getEffectiveLength()

Get the effective pipe length for pressure drop calculations.

double

getElevation()

Get the elevation change from inlet to outlet.

double

getEntropyProduction(String unit)

getEntropyProduction.

double

getEquivalentLength()

Calculate the total equivalent length from all fittings.

Fittings

getFittings()

Get the fittings collection.

String

getFlowRegime()

Get the determined flow regime.

double

getFrictionFactor()

Get the friction factor.

double

getHeatTransferCoefficient()

Get the overall heat transfer coefficient.

double

getInletElevation()

Get the inlet elevation above reference.

double

getInnerHeatTransferCoefficient()

Get the inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient.

double

getInsulationConductivity()

Get the insulation thermal conductivity.

double

getInsulationThickness()

Get the insulation thickness.

String

getInsulationType()

Get the insulation type/material.

double

getLength()

Get the total pipe length.

double

getLiquidHoldup()

Get the liquid holdup fraction.

double[]

getLiquidHoldupProfile()

Get the liquid holdup profile along the pipe.

int

getLocationClass()

Get the location class.

double

getMAOP(String unit)

Get MAOP in specified unit.

String

getMaterialGrade()

Get the pipe material grade.

double

getMaxUtilization()

Gets the maximum utilization across all constraints.

PipelineMechanicalDesign

getMechanicalDesign()

Get a mechanicalDesign for the equipment.

PipeMechanicalDesignCalculator

getMechanicalDesignCalculator()

Get the mechanical design calculator for this pipeline.

int

getNumberOfFittings()

Get the number of fittings added to this pipe.

int

getNumberOfIncrements()

Get number of computational increments/segments.

int

getNumberOfLegs()

Get number of pipe legs/segments.

double

getOuterHeatTransferCoefficient()

Get the outer (external) heat transfer coefficient.

double

getOutletElevation()

Get the outlet elevation above reference.

double

getOutletPressure(String unit)

Get the outlet pressure.

double

getOutletTemperature(String unit)

Get the outlet temperature.

FlowSystemInterface

getPipe()

Get the underlying flow system (for advanced models).

String

getPipeMaterial()

Get the pipe material.

String

getPipeSchedule()

Get the pipe schedule.

double

getPipeWallConductivity()

Get the pipe wall thermal conductivity.

double

getPipeWallRoughness()

Get the pipe wall roughness.

double

getPressureDrop()

Get the total pressure drop across the pipeline.

double[]

getPressureProfile()

Get the pressure profile along the pipe.

double

getReynoldsNumber()

Get the Reynolds number for the flow.

double

getSoilConductivity()

Get the soil thermal conductivity.

double

getSuperficialVelocity(int phaseNumber)

Get the superficial velocity for a specific phase.

double

getSuperficialVelocity(int phaseNum, int node)

Get superficial velocity for a phase at a specific node.

double[]

getTemperatureProfile()

Get the temperature profile along the pipe.

double[]

getTimes()

Get the time array for transient simulations.

double

getTotalFittingsLdRatio()

Get the total L/D ratio of all fittings.

double

getVelocity()

Get the flow velocity in the pipe.

double

getWallThickness()

Get the pipe wall thickness.

protected void

initializeCapacityConstraints()

Initializes default capacity constraints for the pipeline.

void

initMechanicalDesign()

Initialize a initMechanicalDesign for the equipment.

boolean

isAdiabatic()

Check if the pipe is operating in adiabatic mode.

boolean

isBuried()

Check if the pipe is buried.

boolean

isCapacityExceeded()

Checks if any capacity constraint is violated (exceeds 100% utilization).

boolean

isHardLimitExceeded()

Checks if any HARD constraint limit is exceeded.

boolean

isMechanicalDesignSafe()

Check if the mechanical design is within allowable stress limits.

boolean

isUseFittings()

Check if fittings are enabled in pressure drop calculations.

void

printFittingsSummary()

Print a summary of all fittings to the console.

boolean

removeCapacityConstraint(String constraintName)

Removes a capacity constraint by name.

void

run(UUID id)

In this method all thermodynamic and unit operations will be calculated in a steady state calculation.

void

runTransient(double dt, UUID id)

runTransient

void

setAdiabatic(boolean adiabatic)

Set whether the pipe operates in adiabatic mode.

void

setAmbientTemperature(double temperature)

Set the ambient temperature.

void

setAmbientTemperatures(double[] temperatures)

Set ambient/surrounding temperatures for each pipe segment.

void

setAngle(double angle)

Set the angle of the pipe from horizontal.

void

setBurialDepth(double depth)

Set the burial depth below ground surface.

void

setBuried(boolean buried)

Set whether the pipe is buried.

void

setCoatingConductivity(double conductivity)

Set the coating thermal conductivity.

void

setCoatingThickness(double thickness)

Set the coating thickness.

void

setConstantSurfaceTemperature(double temperature)

Set the constant surface temperature for heat transfer.

void

setCorrosionAllowance(double allowance)

Set the corrosion allowance.

void

setDesignCode(String code)

Set the design code for wall thickness and pressure calculations.

void

setDesignPressure(double pressure)

Set design pressure for mechanical design calculations.

void

setDesignPressure(double pressure, String unit)

Set design pressure with unit.

void

setDesignTemperature(double temperature)

Set maximum design temperature for mechanical design.

void

setDiameter(double diameter)

Set the pipe inner diameter.

void

setElevation(double elevation)

Set the elevation change from inlet to outlet.

void

setEquilibriumHeatTransfer(boolean equilibriumHeatTransfer)

Set equilibrium heat transfer flag.

void

setEquilibriumMassTransfer(boolean equilibriumMassTransfer)

Set equilibrium mass transfer flag.

void

setHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)

Set the overall heat transfer coefficient.

void

setHeightProfile(double[] heights)

Set the height profile along the pipe.

void

setInitialFlowPattern(String flowPattern)

Set initial flow pattern for simulation initialization.

void

setInletElevation(double inletElevation)

Set the inlet elevation above reference.

void

setInnerHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)

Set the inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient.

void

setInsulationConductivity(double conductivity)

Set the insulation thermal conductivity.

void

setInsulationThickness(double thickness)

Set the insulation thickness.

void

setInsulationType(String insulationType)

Set the insulation type/material.

void

setLegPositions(double[] positions)

Set the position of each leg along the pipe.

void

setLength(double length)

Set the total pipe length.

void

setLocationClass(int locationClass)

Set the location class per ASME B31.8.

void

setMaterialGrade(String grade)

Set the pipe material grade per API 5L.

void

setNumberOfIncrements(int numberOfIncrements)

Set number of computational increments/segments.

void

setNumberOfLegs(int number)

Set number of pipe legs/segments.

void

setNumberOfNodesInLeg(int number)

Set number of computational nodes in each leg.

void

setOuterHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)

Set the outer (external) heat transfer coefficient.

void

setOuterHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] coefficients)

Set outer heat transfer coefficients for each pipe segment.

void

setOuterTemperatures(double[] outerTemp)

Set outer temperatures for heat transfer calculations.

void

setOutletElevation(double outletElevation)

Set the outlet elevation above reference.

void

setOutletPressure(double pressure)

Set outlet pressure of twoport.

void

setOutletTemperature(double temperature)

Set outlet temperature of twoport.

void

setOutputFileName(String name)

Set output file name for detailed results.

void

setPipeDiameters(double[] diameters)

Set pipe diameters for each segment.

void

setPipeMaterial(String material)

Set the pipe material.

void

setPipeOuterHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] heatCoefs)

Set pipe outer heat transfer coefficients for each leg.

void

setPipeSchedule(String schedule)

Set the pipe schedule.

void

setPipeSpecification(double nominalDiameter, String specification)

Set pipe specification from database.

void

setPipeWallConductivity(double conductivity)

Set the pipe wall thermal conductivity.

void

setPipeWallHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] heatCoefs)

Set pipe wall heat transfer coefficients for each leg.

void

setPipeWallRoughness(double roughness)

Set the pipe wall roughness.

void

setPipeWallRoughness(double[] rough)

Set wall roughness for each segment.

void

setSoilConductivity(double conductivity)

Set the soil thermal conductivity.

void

setTimeSeries(double[] times, SystemInterface[] systems, int timestepininterval)

Set time series for transient simulation.

void

setUseFittings(boolean enable)

Enable or disable fittings in pressure drop calculations.

void

setWallHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] coefficients)

Set inner (wall) heat transfer coefficients for each pipe segment.

void

setWallThickness(double thickness)

Set the pipe wall thickness.

String

toJson()

Serializes the Process Equipment along with its state to a JSON string.

String

toJson(ReportConfig cfg)

Serializes the Process Equipment with configurable level of detail.

Methods inherited from class TwoPortEquipment
getInletPressure, getInletStream, getInletTemperature, getMassBalance, getOutletPressure, getOutletStream, getOutletTemperature, setInletPressure, setInletStream, setInletTemperature, setOutletPressure, setOutletStream, setOutletTemperature, validateSetup

Methods inherited from class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
copy, equals, getConditionAnalysisMessage, getController, getEffectiveCapacityFactor, getEnergyStream, getExergyChange, getFailureMode, getMassBalance, getMinimumFlow, getPressure, getPressure, getProperty, getReport_json, getResultTable, getSpecification, getTemperature, getTemperature, getThermoSystem, hashCode, isActive, isActive, isCapacityAnalysisEnabled, isFailed, isSetEnergyStream, reportResults, restoreFromFailure, run_step, runConditionAnalysis, setCapacityAnalysisEnabled, setController, setEnergyStream, setEnergyStream, setFailureMode, setFlowValveController, setMinimumFlow, setPressure, setRegulatorOutSignal, setSpecification, setTemperature, simulateDegradedOperation, simulateTrip, solved

Methods inherited from class SimulationBaseClass
getCalculateSteadyState, getCalculationIdentifier, getTime, increaseTime, isRunInSteps, setCalculateSteadyState, setCalculationIdentifier, setRunInSteps, setTime

Methods inherited from class NamedBaseClass
getName, getTagName, setName, setTagName

Methods inherited from class Object
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Methods inherited from interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
disableAllConstraints, enableAllConstraints, getAvailableMargin, getAvailableMarginPercent, getMaxUtilizationPercent, getUtilizationSummary, isCapacityAnalysisEnabled, isNearCapacityLimit, setCapacityAnalysisEnabled

Methods inherited from interface NamedInterface
getName, getTagName, setName, setTagName

Methods inherited from interface PipeLineInterface
setOutPressure, setOutTemperature

Methods inherited from interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
getExergyChange, getFluid, getOperatingEnvelopeViolation, getRestCapacity, getSimulationValidationErrors, isSimulationValid, isWithinOperatingEnvelope, needRecalculation

Methods inherited from interface SimulationInterface
getCalculateSteadyState, getCalculationIdentifier, getTime, increaseTime, isRunInSteps, run, run_step, run_step, runTransient, setCalculateSteadyState, setCalculationIdentifier, setRunInSteps, setTime, solved

Methods inherited from interface TwoPortInterface
getInletPressure, getInletStream, getInletTemperature, getInStream, getOutletPressure, getOutletStream, getOutletTemperature, getOutStream, setInletPressure, setInletStream, setInletTemperature, setOutletPressure, setOutletStream, setOutletTemperature, setOutPressure, setOutTemperature

Field Details
- serialVersionUID
  private static final long serialVersionUID
  
  Serialization version UID.
  
  See Also:
  
  Constant Field Values
- logger
  
  static org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger logger
  
  Logger object for class.
- fileName
  
  protected String fileName
- pipe
  
  protected FlowSystemInterface pipe
- system
  
  protected SystemInterface system
- length
  
  protected double length
  
  Total pipe length in meters.
- diameter
  
  protected double diameter
  
  Pipe inner diameter in meters.
- roughness
  
  protected double roughness
  
  Pipe wall roughness in meters.
- wallThickness
  
  protected double wallThickness
  
  Pipe wall thickness in meters.
- elevation
  
  protected double elevation
  
  Elevation change from inlet to outlet in meters.
- inletElevation
  
  protected double inletElevation
  
  Inlet elevation above reference in meters.
- outletElevation
  
  protected double outletElevation
  
  Outlet elevation above reference in meters.
- angle
  
  protected double angle
  
  Pipe angle from horizontal in degrees.
- heatTransferCoefficient
  
  protected double heatTransferCoefficient
  
  Overall heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).
- surfaceTemperature
  
  protected double surfaceTemperature
  
  Constant surface temperature in Kelvin.
- adiabatic
  
  protected boolean adiabatic
  
  Flag for adiabatic operation.
- ambientTemperature
  
  protected double ambientTemperature
  
  Ambient temperature in Kelvin.
- innerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  protected double innerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  Inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).
- outerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  protected double outerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  Outer (external) heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K).
- pipeMaterial
  
  protected String pipeMaterial
  
  Pipe material.
- pipeSchedule
  
  protected String pipeSchedule
  
  Pipe schedule.
- pipeWallConductivity
  
  protected double pipeWallConductivity
  
  Pipe wall thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).
- insulationThickness
  
  protected double insulationThickness
  
  Insulation thickness in meters.
- insulationConductivity
  
  protected double insulationConductivity
  
  Insulation thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).
- insulationType
  
  protected String insulationType
  
  Insulation type/material.
- coatingThickness
  
  protected double coatingThickness
  
  Coating thickness in meters.
- coatingConductivity
  
  protected double coatingConductivity
  
  Coating thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).
- burialDepth
  
  protected double burialDepth
  
  Burial depth in meters.
- soilConductivity
  
  protected double soilConductivity
  
  Soil thermal conductivity in W/(m·K).
- buried
  
  protected boolean buried
  
  Flag for buried pipe.
- designPressure
  
  protected double designPressure
  
  Design pressure in MPa.
- designTemperature
  
  protected double designTemperature
  
  Design temperature in Celsius.
- materialGrade
  
  protected String materialGrade
  
  Material grade per API 5L.
- designCode
  
  protected String designCode
  
  Design code (e.g., ASME_B31_8).
- locationClass
  
  protected int locationClass
  
  Location class per ASME B31.8.
- corrosionAllowance
  
  protected double corrosionAllowance
  
  Corrosion allowance in meters.
- mechanicalDesignCalculator
  
  protected transient PipeMechanicalDesignCalculator mechanicalDesignCalculator
  
  Mechanical design calculator.
- pressureDrop
  
  protected double pressureDrop
  
  Calculated pressure drop in bar.
- flowRegime
  
  protected String flowRegime
  
  Flow regime string.
- liquidHoldup
  
  protected double liquidHoldup
  
  Liquid holdup fraction.
- reynoldsNumber
  
  protected double reynoldsNumber
  
  Reynolds number.
- frictionFactor
  
  protected double frictionFactor
  
  Friction factor.
- velocity
  
  protected double velocity
  
  Flow velocity in m/s.
- pressureProfile
  
  protected double[] pressureProfile
  
  Pressure profile along pipe.
- temperatureProfile
  
  protected double[] temperatureProfile
  
  Temperature profile along pipe.
- liquidHoldupProfile
  
  protected double[] liquidHoldupProfile
  
  Liquid holdup profile along pipe.
- numberOfIncrements
  
  protected int numberOfIncrements
  
  Number of computational increments.
- fittings
  
  protected Fittings fittings
  
  Collection of pipe fittings for equivalent length calculations.
  Fittings such as bends, valves, tees, and reducers contribute additional pressure drop beyond the straight pipe friction loss. This is accounted for using the equivalent length method, where each fitting is assigned an L/D ratio representing the length of straight pipe (in diameters) that would produce the same pressure drop.
- useFittings
  
  protected boolean useFittings
  
  Flag to enable/disable fittings in pressure drop calculations.
  When true (default), the equivalent length from fittings is added to the physical pipe length in pressure drop calculations. Set to false to temporarily exclude fittings.
- flowPattern
  
  String flowPattern
- times
  
  double[] times
- equilibriumHeatTransfer
  
  boolean equilibriumHeatTransfer
- equilibriumMassTransfer
  
  boolean equilibriumMassTransfer
- numberOfLegs
  
  int numberOfLegs
- numberOfNodesInLeg
  
  int numberOfNodesInLeg
- legHeights
  
  double[] legHeights
- legPositions
  
  double[] legPositions
- pipeDiameters
  
  double[] pipeDiameters
- outerTemperature
  
  double[] outerTemperature
- pipeWallRoughness
  
  double[] pipeWallRoughness
- outerHeatTransferCoeffs
  
  double[] outerHeatTransferCoeffs
- wallHeatTransferCoeffs
  
  double[] wallHeatTransferCoeffs
- pipelineMechanicalDesign
  
  PipelineMechanicalDesign pipelineMechanicalDesign
- capacityConstraints
  
  private final Map<String, CapacityConstraint> capacityConstraints
  
  Storage for capacity constraints.
Constructor Details
- Pipeline
  
  public Pipeline(String name)
  
  Constructor for Pipeline.
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - the equipment name
- Pipeline
  
  public Pipeline(String name, StreamInterface inStream)
  
  Constructor for Pipeline with inlet stream.
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - the equipment name
  
  inStream - the inlet stream
Method Details
- setLength
  
  public void setLength(double length)
  
  Set the total pipe length.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setLength in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  length - the pipe length in meters
- getLength
  
  public double getLength()
  
  Get the total pipe length.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getLength in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  the pipe length in meters
- setDiameter
  
  public void setDiameter(double diameter)
  
  Set the pipe inner diameter.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setDiameter in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  diameter - the inner diameter in meters
- getDiameter
  
  public double getDiameter()
  
  Get the pipe inner diameter.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getDiameter in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  the inner diameter in meters
- setPipeWallRoughness
  
  public void setPipeWallRoughness(double roughness)
  
  Set the pipe wall roughness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeWallRoughness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  roughness - the wall roughness in meters
- getPipeWallRoughness
  
  public double getPipeWallRoughness()
  
  Get the pipe wall roughness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPipeWallRoughness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  the wall roughness in meters
- setElevation
  
  public void setElevation(double elevation)
  
  Set the elevation change from inlet to outlet.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  elevation - elevation change in meters (positive = uphill)
- getElevation
  
  public double getElevation()
  
  Get the elevation change from inlet to outlet.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  elevation change in meters
- setInletElevation
  
  public void setInletElevation(double inletElevation)
  
  Set the inlet elevation above reference.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInletElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  inletElevation - inlet elevation in meters
- getInletElevation
  
  public double getInletElevation()
  
  Get the inlet elevation above reference.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getInletElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  inlet elevation in meters
- setOutletElevation
  
  public void setOutletElevation(double outletElevation)
  
  Set the outlet elevation above reference.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutletElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  outletElevation - outlet elevation in meters
- getOutletElevation
  
  public double getOutletElevation()
  
  Get the outlet elevation above reference.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getOutletElevation in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  outlet elevation in meters
- setAngle
  
  public void setAngle(double angle)
  
  Set the angle of the pipe from horizontal.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setAngle in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  angle - angle in degrees (0 = horizontal, 90 = vertical upward)
- getAngle
  
  public double getAngle()
  
  Get the angle of the pipe from horizontal.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getAngle in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  angle in degrees (0 = horizontal, 90 = vertical upward)
- setWallThickness
  
  public void setWallThickness(double thickness)
  
  Set the pipe wall thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setWallThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  thickness - wall thickness in meters
- getWallThickness
  
  public double getWallThickness()
  
  Get the pipe wall thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getWallThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  wall thickness in meters
- setNumberOfLegs
  
  public void setNumberOfLegs(int number)
  
  Set number of pipe legs/segments.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setNumberOfLegs in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  number - number of legs
- getNumberOfLegs
  
  public int getNumberOfLegs()
  
  Get number of pipe legs/segments.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getNumberOfLegs in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  number of legs
- setNumberOfNodesInLeg
  
  public void setNumberOfNodesInLeg(int number)
  
  Set number of computational nodes in each leg.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setNumberOfNodesInLeg in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  number - number of nodes per leg
- setNumberOfIncrements
  
  public void setNumberOfIncrements(int numberOfIncrements)
  
  Set number of computational increments/segments.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setNumberOfIncrements in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  numberOfIncrements - number of increments for pressure drop calculation
- getNumberOfIncrements
  
  public int getNumberOfIncrements()
  
  Get number of computational increments/segments.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getNumberOfIncrements in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  number of increments
- setHeightProfile
  
  public void setHeightProfile(double[] heights)
  
  Set the height profile along the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setHeightProfile in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  heights - array of heights at each leg boundary (length = numberOfLegs + 1)
- setLegPositions
  
  public void setLegPositions(double[] positions)
  
  Set the position of each leg along the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setLegPositions in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  positions - array of positions at each leg boundary in meters
- setPipeDiameters
  
  public void setPipeDiameters(double[] diameters)
  
  Set pipe diameters for each segment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeDiameters in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  diameters - array of diameters for each leg boundary
- setPipeWallRoughness
  
  public void setPipeWallRoughness(double[] rough)
  
  Set wall roughness for each segment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeWallRoughness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  rough - array of roughness values for each leg
- setOuterTemperatures
  
  public void setOuterTemperatures(double[] outerTemp)
  
  Set outer temperatures for heat transfer calculations.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOuterTemperatures in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  outerTemp - array of outer temperatures in Kelvin for each leg
- setOutletPressure
  
  public void setOutletPressure(double pressure)
  
  Set outlet pressure of twoport.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutletPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutletPressure in interface TwoPortInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  setOutletPressure in class TwoPortEquipment
  
  Parameters:
  
  pressure - value to set in unit bara
- setOutletTemperature
  
  public void setOutletTemperature(double temperature)
  
  Set outlet temperature of twoport.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutletTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutletTemperature in interface TwoPortInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  setOutletTemperature in class TwoPortEquipment
  
  Parameters:
  
  temperature - value to set in kelvin
- getPressureDrop
  
  public double getPressureDrop()
  
  Get the total pressure drop across the pipeline.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPressureDrop in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  pressure drop in bar
- getOutletPressure
  
  public double getOutletPressure(String unit)
  
  Get the outlet pressure.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getOutletPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  unit - pressure unit (e.g., "bara", "barg", "Pa", "MPa")
  
  Returns:
  
  outlet pressure in specified unit
- getOutletTemperature
  
  public double getOutletTemperature(String unit)
  
  Get the outlet temperature.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getOutletTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  unit - temperature unit (e.g., "K", "C")
  
  Returns:
  
  outlet temperature in specified unit
- getVelocity
  
  public double getVelocity()
  
  Get the flow velocity in the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getVelocity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  velocity in m/s
- getSuperficialVelocity
  
  public double getSuperficialVelocity(int phaseNumber)
  
  Get the superficial velocity for a specific phase.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getSuperficialVelocity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  phaseNumber - phase index (0=gas, 1=liquid)
  
  Returns:
  
  superficial velocity in m/s
- getSuperficialVelocity
  
  public double getSuperficialVelocity(int phaseNum, int node)
  
  Get superficial velocity for a phase at a specific node.
  
  Parameters:
  
  phaseNum - phase index (0=gas, 1=liquid)
  
  node - node index
  
  Returns:
  
  superficial velocity in m/s
- getFlowRegime
  
  public String getFlowRegime()
  
  Get the determined flow regime.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getFlowRegime in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  flow regime as string (e.g., "stratified", "slug", "annular", "dispersed bubble")
- getLiquidHoldup
  
  public double getLiquidHoldup()
  
  Get the liquid holdup fraction.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getLiquidHoldup in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  liquid holdup as fraction (0-1)
- getReynoldsNumber
  
  public double getReynoldsNumber()
  
  Get the Reynolds number for the flow.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getReynoldsNumber in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  Reynolds number (dimensionless)
- getFrictionFactor
  
  public double getFrictionFactor()
  
  Get the friction factor.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getFrictionFactor in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  Darcy friction factor (dimensionless)
- getPressureProfile
  
  public double[] getPressureProfile()
  
  Get the pressure profile along the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPressureProfile in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  array of pressures in bar at each increment
- getTemperatureProfile
  
  public double[] getTemperatureProfile()
  
  Get the temperature profile along the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getTemperatureProfile in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  array of temperatures in Kelvin at each increment
- getLiquidHoldupProfile
  
  public double[] getLiquidHoldupProfile()
  
  Get the liquid holdup profile along the pipe.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getLiquidHoldupProfile in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  array of liquid holdup values at each increment
- setHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  public void setHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)
  
  Set the overall heat transfer coefficient.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  coefficient - heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- getHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  public double getHeatTransferCoefficient()
  
  Get the overall heat transfer coefficient.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- setConstantSurfaceTemperature
  
  public void setConstantSurfaceTemperature(double temperature)
  
  Set the constant surface temperature for heat transfer.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setConstantSurfaceTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  temperature - surface temperature in Kelvin
- isAdiabatic
  
  public boolean isAdiabatic()
  
  Check if the pipe is operating in adiabatic mode.
  
  Specified by:
  
  isAdiabatic in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  true if adiabatic (no heat transfer)
- setAdiabatic
  
  public void setAdiabatic(boolean adiabatic)
  
  Set whether the pipe operates in adiabatic mode.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setAdiabatic in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  adiabatic - true for no heat transfer
- setPipeMaterial
  
  public void setPipeMaterial(String material)
  
  Set the pipe material.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeMaterial in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  material - pipe material name (e.g., "carbon steel", "stainless steel", "duplex")
- getPipeMaterial
  
  public String getPipeMaterial()
  
  Get the pipe material.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPipeMaterial in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  pipe material name
- setPipeSchedule
  
  public void setPipeSchedule(String schedule)
  
  Set the pipe schedule.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeSchedule in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  schedule - pipe schedule (e.g., "40", "80", "STD", "XS")
- getPipeSchedule
  
  public String getPipeSchedule()
  
  Get the pipe schedule.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPipeSchedule in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  pipe schedule
- setInsulationThickness
  
  public void setInsulationThickness(double thickness)
  
  Set the insulation thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInsulationThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  thickness - insulation thickness in meters
- getInsulationThickness
  
  public double getInsulationThickness()
  
  Get the insulation thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getInsulationThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  insulation thickness in meters
- setInsulationConductivity
  
  public void setInsulationConductivity(double conductivity)
  
  Set the insulation thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInsulationConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  conductivity - thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- getInsulationConductivity
  
  public double getInsulationConductivity()
  
  Get the insulation thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getInsulationConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- setInsulationType
  
  public void setInsulationType(String insulationType)
  
  Set the insulation type/material.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInsulationType in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  insulationType - insulation type (e.g., "polyurethane", "mineral wool", "aerogel")
- getInsulationType
  
  public String getInsulationType()
  
  Get the insulation type/material.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getInsulationType in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  insulation type
- setCoatingThickness
  
  public void setCoatingThickness(double thickness)
  
  Set the coating thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setCoatingThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  thickness - coating thickness in meters
- getCoatingThickness
  
  public double getCoatingThickness()
  
  Get the coating thickness.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCoatingThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  coating thickness in meters
- setCoatingConductivity
  
  public void setCoatingConductivity(double conductivity)
  
  Set the coating thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setCoatingConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  conductivity - thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- getCoatingConductivity
  
  public double getCoatingConductivity()
  
  Get the coating thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCoatingConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- setPipeWallConductivity
  
  public void setPipeWallConductivity(double conductivity)
  
  Set the pipe wall thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeWallConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  conductivity - thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- getPipeWallConductivity
  
  public double getPipeWallConductivity()
  
  Get the pipe wall thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPipeWallConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- setOuterHeatTransferCoefficient
  public void setOuterHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)
  
  Set the outer (external) heat transfer coefficient.
  This is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the pipe outer surface (or insulation outer surface if insulated) and the surrounding environment.
  
  Typical values:
  
  Still air: 5-25 W/(m²·K)
  
  Flowing air: 10-100 W/(m²·K)
  
  Buried in soil: 1-5 W/(m²·K)
  
  Still water: 100-500 W/(m²·K)
  
  Flowing seawater: 500-2000 W/(m²·K)
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOuterHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  coefficient - outer heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- getOuterHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  public double getOuterHeatTransferCoefficient()
  
  Get the outer (external) heat transfer coefficient.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getOuterHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  outer heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- setInnerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  public void setInnerHeatTransferCoefficient(double coefficient)
  
  Set the inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient.
  This is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the pipe inner wall. If not set, it can be calculated automatically based on flow conditions.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInnerHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  coefficient - inner heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- getInnerHeatTransferCoefficient
  
  public double getInnerHeatTransferCoefficient()
  
  Get the inner (fluid-side) heat transfer coefficient.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getInnerHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  inner heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K)
- setOuterHeatTransferCoefficients
  
  public void setOuterHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] coefficients)
  
  Set outer heat transfer coefficients for each pipe segment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOuterHeatTransferCoefficients in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  coefficients - array of outer heat transfer coefficients in W/(m²·K)
- setWallHeatTransferCoefficients
  
  public void setWallHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] coefficients)
  
  Set inner (wall) heat transfer coefficients for each pipe segment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setWallHeatTransferCoefficients in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  coefficients - array of wall heat transfer coefficients in W/(m²·K)
- setAmbientTemperatures
  
  public void setAmbientTemperatures(double[] temperatures)
  
  Set ambient/surrounding temperatures for each pipe segment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setAmbientTemperatures in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  temperatures - array of ambient temperatures in Kelvin
- setAmbientTemperature
  
  public void setAmbientTemperature(double temperature)
  
  Set the ambient temperature.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setAmbientTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  temperature - ambient temperature in Kelvin
- getAmbientTemperature
  
  public double getAmbientTemperature()
  
  Get the ambient temperature.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getAmbientTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  ambient temperature in Kelvin
- calculateOverallHeatTransferCoefficient
  public double calculateOverallHeatTransferCoefficient()
  
  Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on pipe buildup.
  This method calculates the overall U-value considering:
  
  Inner fluid-side convection
  
  Pipe wall conduction
  
  Coating conduction (if present)
  
  Insulation conduction (if present)
  
  Outer convection
  
  The calculation uses the resistance analogy for cylindrical geometries.
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateOverallHeatTransferCoefficient in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  overall heat transfer coefficient in W/(m²·K) based on inner diameter
- setBurialDepth
  
  public void setBurialDepth(double depth)
  
  Set the burial depth below ground surface.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setBurialDepth in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  depth - burial depth in meters
- getBurialDepth
  
  public double getBurialDepth()
  
  Get the burial depth.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getBurialDepth in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  burial depth in meters
- setSoilConductivity
  
  public void setSoilConductivity(double conductivity)
  
  Set the soil thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setSoilConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  conductivity - soil thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- getSoilConductivity
  
  public double getSoilConductivity()
  
  Get the soil thermal conductivity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getSoilConductivity in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  soil thermal conductivity in W/(m·K)
- isBuried
  
  public boolean isBuried()
  
  Check if the pipe is buried.
  
  Specified by:
  
  isBuried in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  true if pipe is buried
- setBuried
  
  public void setBuried(boolean buried)
  
  Set whether the pipe is buried.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setBuried in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  buried - true if pipe is buried
- addFitting
  public void addFitting(String name, double LdivD)
  
  Add a fitting with a specified L/D ratio.
  The L/D ratio represents the equivalent length of the fitting in terms of pipe diameters. For example, a standard 90° elbow has L/D ≈ 30, meaning it causes the same pressure drop as 30 diameters of straight pipe.
  
  Example usage:
  
  pipe.addFitting("90-degree elbow", 30.0); pipe.addFitting("gate valve", 8.0);
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - descriptive name for the fitting
  
  LdivD - equivalent length ratio (L/D), dimensionless
- addFittingFromDatabase
  public void addFittingFromDatabase(String name)
  
  Add a fitting by name, loading L/D from database.
  The fitting name must exist in the 'fittings' database table. Standard fitting names include:
  
  "Standard elbow (R=1.5D), 90deg" - L/D = 16
  
  "Standard elbow (R=1D), 90deg" - L/D = 30
  
  "Gate valve, fully open" - L/D = 8
  
  "Globe valve, fully open" - L/D = 340
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - fitting name as stored in database
- addStandardFitting
  
  public boolean addStandardFitting(String type)
  
  Add a standard fitting type with predefined L/D value.
  Uses built-in L/D values from Crane TP-410. See Fittings.addStandard(String) for available types.
  
  Parameters:
  
  type - standard fitting type
  
  Returns:
  
  true if fitting was added, false if type not recognized
- addFittings
  public void addFittings(String name, double LdivD, int count)
  
  Add multiple identical fittings with specified L/D ratio.
  Convenience method for adding several fittings of the same type. For example, adding 6 elbows with L/D = 30:
  
  pipe.addFittings("90-degree elbow", 30.0, 6);
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - fitting name
  
  LdivD - L/D ratio for each fitting
  
  count - number of fittings to add
- addStandardFittings
  
  public boolean addStandardFittings(String type, int count)
  
  Add multiple standard fittings of the same type.
  
  Parameters:
  
  type - standard fitting type (e.g., "elbow_90_standard", "valve_gate_open")
  
  count - number of fittings to add
  
  Returns:
  
  true if fittings were added, false if type not recognized
- getFittings
  
  public Fittings getFittings()
  
  Get the fittings collection.
  
  Returns:
  
  Fittings object containing all added fittings
- clearFittings
  
  public void clearFittings()
  
  Clear all fittings from the pipe.
- getTotalFittingsLdRatio
  
  public double getTotalFittingsLdRatio()
  
  Get the total L/D ratio of all fittings.
  This is the sum of all individual fitting L/D ratios.
  
  Returns:
  
  total L/D ratio (dimensionless)
- getEquivalentLength
  public double getEquivalentLength()
  
  Calculate the total equivalent length from all fittings.
  The equivalent length is calculated as:
  
  L_eq = Σ(L/D)_i × D
  
  where D is the pipe internal diameter.
  
  Returns:
  
  equivalent length from fittings in meters
- getEffectiveLength
  public double getEffectiveLength()
  
  Get the effective pipe length for pressure drop calculations.
  The effective length includes both the physical pipe length and the equivalent length from all fittings:
  
  L_eff = L_physical + L_equivalent = L_physical + Σ(L/D)_i × D
  
  This effective length should be used in the Darcy-Weisbach equation:
  
  ΔP = f × (L_eff / D) × (ρV² / 2)
  
  Returns:
  
  effective pipe length in meters
- setUseFittings
  
  public void setUseFittings(boolean enable)
  
  Enable or disable fittings in pressure drop calculations.
  When disabled, the equivalent length from fittings is not added to the physical pipe length. This is useful for comparing pressure drop with and without fittings.
  
  Parameters:
  
  enable - true to include fittings (default), false to exclude
- isUseFittings
  
  public boolean isUseFittings()
  
  Check if fittings are enabled in pressure drop calculations.
  
  Returns:
  
  true if fittings are included, false if excluded
- getNumberOfFittings
  
  public int getNumberOfFittings()
  
  Get the number of fittings added to this pipe.
  
  Returns:
  
  number of fittings
- printFittingsSummary
  
  public void printFittingsSummary()
  
  Print a summary of all fittings to the console.
- setOutputFileName
  
  public void setOutputFileName(String name)
  
  Set output file name for detailed results.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setOutputFileName in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  name - output file name
- setInitialFlowPattern
  
  public void setInitialFlowPattern(String flowPattern)
  
  Set initial flow pattern for simulation initialization.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setInitialFlowPattern in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  flowPattern - initial flow pattern (e.g., "stratified", "slug")
- getPipe
  
  public FlowSystemInterface getPipe()
  
  Get the underlying flow system (for advanced models).
  
  Specified by:
  
  getPipe in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  flow system interface or null if not applicable
- setPipeSpecification
  
  public void setPipeSpecification(double nominalDiameter, String specification)
  
  Set pipe specification from database.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setPipeSpecification in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  nominalDiameter - nominal diameter in mm or inches
  
  specification - pipe specification code (e.g., "API 5L", "ANSI B36.10")
- initMechanicalDesign
  
  public void initMechanicalDesign()
  
  Initialize a initMechanicalDesign for the equipment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  initMechanicalDesign in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  initMechanicalDesign in class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
- getMechanicalDesign
  
  public PipelineMechanicalDesign getMechanicalDesign()
  
  Get a mechanicalDesign for the equipment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getMechanicalDesign in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  getMechanicalDesign in class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
  
  Returns:
  
  a MechanicalDesign object
- getMechanicalDesignCalculator
  public PipeMechanicalDesignCalculator getMechanicalDesignCalculator()
  
  Get the mechanical design calculator for this pipeline.
  The calculator provides standards-based calculations for:
  
  Wall thickness calculation per ASME B31.3/B31.4/B31.8 or DNV-OS-F101
  
  Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP)
  
  Stress analysis (hoop, longitudinal, von Mises)
  
  Test pressure calculation
  
  Specified by:
  
  getMechanicalDesignCalculator in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  mechanical design calculator
- setDesignPressure
  
  public void setDesignPressure(double pressure)
  
  Set design pressure for mechanical design calculations.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setDesignPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  pressure - design pressure in MPa
- getDesignPressure
  
  public double getDesignPressure()
  
  Get design pressure.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getDesignPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  design pressure in MPa
- setDesignPressure
  
  public void setDesignPressure(double pressure, String unit)
  
  Set design pressure with unit.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setDesignPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  pressure - design pressure value
  
  unit - pressure unit ("MPa", "bar", "bara", "psi")
- setDesignTemperature
  
  public void setDesignTemperature(double temperature)
  
  Set maximum design temperature for mechanical design.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setDesignTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  temperature - design temperature in Celsius
- getDesignTemperature
  
  public double getDesignTemperature()
  
  Get maximum design temperature.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getDesignTemperature in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  design temperature in Celsius
- setMaterialGrade
  
  public void setMaterialGrade(String grade)
  
  Set the pipe material grade per API 5L.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setMaterialGrade in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  grade - material grade (e.g., "X42", "X52", "X65", "X70", "X80")
- getMaterialGrade
  
  public String getMaterialGrade()
  
  Get the pipe material grade.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getMaterialGrade in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  material grade
- setDesignCode
  
  public void setDesignCode(String code)
  
  Set the design code for wall thickness and pressure calculations.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setDesignCode in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  code - design code (e.g., "ASME_B31_8", "ASME_B31_4", "ASME_B31_3", "DNV_OS_F101")
- getDesignCode
  
  public String getDesignCode()
  
  Get the design code.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getDesignCode in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  design code
- setLocationClass
  public void setLocationClass(int locationClass)
  
  Set the location class per ASME B31.8.
  Location classes:
  
  Class 1: Offshore and remote areas (F=0.72)
  
  Class 2: Fringe areas (F=0.60)
  
  Class 3: Suburban areas (F=0.50)
  
  Class 4: Urban areas (F=0.40)
  
  Specified by:
  
  setLocationClass in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  locationClass - location class 1-4
- getLocationClass
  
  public int getLocationClass()
  
  Get the location class.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getLocationClass in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  location class 1-4
- setCorrosionAllowance
  
  public void setCorrosionAllowance(double allowance)
  
  Set the corrosion allowance.
  
  Specified by:
  
  setCorrosionAllowance in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  allowance - corrosion allowance in meters
- getCorrosionAllowance
  
  public double getCorrosionAllowance()
  
  Get the corrosion allowance.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCorrosionAllowance in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  corrosion allowance in meters
- calculateMinimumWallThickness
  
  public double calculateMinimumWallThickness()
  
  Calculate minimum required wall thickness based on design code.
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateMinimumWallThickness in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  minimum wall thickness in meters
- calculateMAOP
  
  public double calculateMAOP()
  
  Calculate Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP).
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateMAOP in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  MAOP in MPa
- getMAOP
  
  public double getMAOP(String unit)
  
  Get MAOP in specified unit.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getMAOP in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  unit - pressure unit ("MPa", "bar", "psi")
  
  Returns:
  
  MAOP in specified unit
- calculateTestPressure
  
  public double calculateTestPressure()
  
  Calculate hydrostatic test pressure.
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateTestPressure in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  test pressure in MPa
- calculateHoopStress
  
  public double calculateHoopStress()
  
  Calculate hoop stress at operating pressure.
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateHoopStress in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  hoop stress in MPa
- calculateVonMisesStress
  
  public double calculateVonMisesStress(double deltaT)
  
  Calculate von Mises equivalent stress.
  
  Specified by:
  
  calculateVonMisesStress in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  deltaT - temperature change from installation in Celsius
  
  Returns:
  
  von Mises stress in MPa
- isMechanicalDesignSafe
  
  public boolean isMechanicalDesignSafe()
  
  Check if the mechanical design is within allowable stress limits.
  
  Specified by:
  
  isMechanicalDesignSafe in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  true if design stress is below allowable limit
- generateMechanicalDesignReport
  
  public String generateMechanicalDesignReport()
  
  Generate a mechanical design report.
  
  Specified by:
  
  generateMechanicalDesignReport in interface PipeLineInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  formatted design report string
- getCapacityDuty
  
  public double getCapacityDuty()
  
  getCapacityDuty.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCapacityDuty in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  a double
- getCapacityMax
  
  public double getCapacityMax()
  
  getCapacityMax.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCapacityMax in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Returns:
  
  a double
- setPipeOuterHeatTransferCoefficients
  
  public void setPipeOuterHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] heatCoefs)
  
  Set pipe outer heat transfer coefficients for each leg.
  
  Parameters:
  
  heatCoefs - array of heat transfer coefficients
- setPipeWallHeatTransferCoefficients
  
  public void setPipeWallHeatTransferCoefficients(double[] heatCoefs)
  
  Set pipe wall heat transfer coefficients for each leg.
  
  Parameters:
  
  heatCoefs - array of heat transfer coefficients
- setEquilibriumMassTransfer
  
  public void setEquilibriumMassTransfer(boolean equilibriumMassTransfer)
  
  Set equilibrium mass transfer flag.
  
  Parameters:
  
  equilibriumMassTransfer - true to enable equilibrium mass transfer
- setEquilibriumHeatTransfer
  
  public void setEquilibriumHeatTransfer(boolean equilibriumHeatTransfer)
  
  Set equilibrium heat transfer flag.
  
  Parameters:
  
  equilibriumHeatTransfer - true to enable equilibrium heat transfer
- run
  
  public void run(UUID id)
  
  In this method all thermodynamic and unit operations will be calculated in a steady state calculation.
  
  Specified by:
  
  run in interface SimulationInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  id - UUID
- runTransient
  
  public void runTransient(double dt, UUID id)
  
  runTransient
  This method calculates thermodynamic and unit operations using difference equations if available and calculateSteadyState is true. Use setCalculateSteadyState to set the parameter. Sets calc identifier UUID.
  
  Specified by:
  
  runTransient in interface SimulationInterface
  
  Parameters:
  
  dt - Delta time [s]
  
  id - Calculation identifier
- displayResult
  
  public void displayResult()
  
  displayResult.
  
  Specified by:
  
  displayResult in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  displayResult in class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
- getTimes
  
  public double[] getTimes()
  
  Get the time array for transient simulations.
  
  Returns:
  
  array of times in seconds
- setTimeSeries
  
  public void setTimeSeries(double[] times, SystemInterface[] systems, int timestepininterval)
  
  Set time series for transient simulation.
  
  Parameters:
  
  times - array of times
  
  systems - array of thermodynamic systems at each time
  
  timestepininterval - number of time steps in each interval
- getEntropyProduction
  
  public double getEntropyProduction(String unit)
  
  getEntropyProduction.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getEntropyProduction in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  getEntropyProduction in class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass
  
  Parameters:
  
  unit - a String object
  
  Returns:
  
  a double
- toJson
  
  public String toJson()
  
  Serializes the Process Equipment along with its state to a JSON string.
  
  Specified by:
  
  toJson in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  toJson in class TwoPortEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  json string.
- toJson
  
  public String toJson(ReportConfig cfg)
  
  Serializes the Process Equipment with configurable level of detail.
  
  Specified by:
  
  toJson in interface ProcessEquipmentInterface
  
  Overrides:
  
  toJson in class TwoPortEquipment
  
  Parameters:
  
  cfg - report configuration
  
  Returns:
  
  json string
- initializeCapacityConstraints
  
  protected void initializeCapacityConstraints()
  
  Initializes default capacity constraints for the pipeline.
  NOTE: All constraints are disabled by default for backwards compatibility. Enable specific constraints when pipeline capacity analysis is needed (e.g., after sizing).
- getCapacityConstraints
  
  public Map<String, CapacityConstraint> getCapacityConstraints()
  
  Gets all capacity constraints defined for this equipment.
  The map keys are constraint names (e.g., "speed", "gasLoadFactor") and values are the corresponding CapacityConstraint objects containing design values, current values, and utilization calculations.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getCapacityConstraints in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  unmodifiable map of constraint name to CapacityConstraint
- getBottleneckConstraint
  
  public CapacityConstraint getBottleneckConstraint()
  
  Gets the constraint with the highest utilization (the bottleneck).
  This method identifies which constraint is closest to or exceeding its design limit. Use this to determine what is limiting equipment capacity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getBottleneckConstraint in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  the bottleneck constraint, or null if no constraints are defined
- isCapacityExceeded
  
  public boolean isCapacityExceeded()
  
  Checks if any capacity constraint is violated (exceeds 100% utilization).
  A violated constraint means the equipment is operating beyond its design capacity. For HARD constraints, this may indicate equipment trip or failure. For SOFT constraints, this indicates reduced efficiency or accelerated wear.
  
  Specified by:
  
  isCapacityExceeded in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  true if any constraint utilization exceeds 1.0 (100%)
- isHardLimitExceeded
  
  public boolean isHardLimitExceeded()
  
  Checks if any HARD constraint limit is exceeded.
  HARD limits represent absolute equipment limits (e.g., maximum speed) that cannot be exceeded without equipment trip or damage. This is more severe than general capacity exceedance.
  
  Specified by:
  
  isHardLimitExceeded in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  true if any HARD constraint's max value is exceeded
- getMaxUtilization
  
  public double getMaxUtilization()
  
  Gets the maximum utilization across all constraints.
  This gives a single number representing how close the equipment is to its limiting constraint. Values above 1.0 indicate the equipment is over capacity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getMaxUtilization in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Returns:
  
  maximum utilization as fraction (1.0 = 100% of design capacity)
- addCapacityConstraint
  
  public void addCapacityConstraint(CapacityConstraint constraint)
  
  Adds a new capacity constraint to this equipment.
  This allows dynamic addition of constraints at runtime. Constraints can be added during equipment configuration or based on operating conditions.
  
  Specified by:
  
  addCapacityConstraint in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Parameters:
  
  constraint - the constraint to add
- removeCapacityConstraint
  
  public boolean removeCapacityConstraint(String constraintName)
  
  Removes a capacity constraint by name.
  
  Specified by:
  
  removeCapacityConstraint in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment
  
  Parameters:
  
  constraintName - the name of the constraint to remove
  
  Returns:
  
  true if the constraint was found and removed
- clearCapacityConstraints
  
  public void clearCapacityConstraints()
  
  Clears all capacity constraints from this equipment.
  
  Specified by:
  
  clearCapacityConstraints in interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment

Class Pipeline

Subclasses

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class TwoPortEquipment

Fields inherited from class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass

Fields inherited from class SimulationBaseClass

Fields inherited from class NamedBaseClass

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class TwoPortEquipment

Methods inherited from class ProcessEquipmentBaseClass

Methods inherited from class SimulationBaseClass

Methods inherited from class NamedBaseClass

Methods inherited from class Object

Methods inherited from interface CapacityConstrainedEquipment

Methods inherited from interface NamedInterface

Methods inherited from interface PipeLineInterface

Methods inherited from interface ProcessEquipmentInterface

Methods inherited from interface SimulationInterface

Methods inherited from interface TwoPortInterface

Field Details

serialVersionUID

logger

fileName

pipe

system

length

diameter

roughness

wallThickness

elevation

inletElevation

outletElevation

angle

heatTransferCoefficient

surfaceTemperature

adiabatic

ambientTemperature

innerHeatTransferCoefficient

outerHeatTransferCoefficient

pipeMaterial

pipeSchedule

pipeWallConductivity

insulationThickness

insulationConductivity

insulationType

coatingThickness

coatingConductivity

burialDepth

soilConductivity

buried

designPressure

designTemperature

materialGrade

designCode

locationClass

corrosionAllowance

mechanicalDesignCalculator

pressureDrop

flowRegime

liquidHoldup

reynoldsNumber

frictionFactor

velocity

pressureProfile

temperatureProfile

liquidHoldupProfile

numberOfIncrements

fittings

useFittings

flowPattern

times

equilibriumHeatTransfer

equilibriumMassTransfer

numberOfLegs

numberOfNodesInLeg

legHeights

legPositions

pipeDiameters

outerTemperature